移行细胞癌

The urothelium is the tissue that lines most of the urinary tract, 包括膀胱, 输尿管和尿道. It is also known as transitional cell carcinoma. When it forms in the bladder, it is one type of bladder cancer.

What are the symptoms of urothelial cancer?
The symptoms vary greatly, depending on which part of the body is affected and how advanced the cancer is. Frequently, there are none at first. 尿中带血, 乏力。, painful or abnormal urination, back pain and unintended weight loss may occur.

How is urothelial cancer diagnosed?
A physical exam will be performed. 成像, including cystoscopy (which involves looking into the bladder and urethra via a long, 灵活的范围), as well as urine tests and a biopsy are likely to be done.

What are the treatments for urothelial cancer?
Treatment will vary, depending on the location and extent of the cancer, your age and general health. Surgical removal of all or part of the affected organ or tissues will be done if possible. Chemotherapy, immunotherapy and targeted therapy may follow.

What are the risk factors for urothelial cancer?
Smoking is very strongly associated with urothelial cancer, while drinking lots of fluids may be protective. Exposure to radiation and certain industrial and agricultural chemicals is also a risk factor, as is excessive use of certain painkillers.

What are some additional resources for learning about urothelial cancer?
If you or your loved one is facing urothelial cancer, 网上买球软件 has a whole range of services designed to help you so you never take this journey alone. Please talk to your 网上买球软件 provider or your Nurse Navigator, or check the service pages for information about treatments, services and support groups.